The Art of Mimes and French Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Art of Mimes and French - Research Paper Example e_map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/France/Map&usg=__AyHrNyof1csp7K_Auvx6wDXt0Dg=&h=511&w=475&sz=51&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=wXeKpCxy6vCMUM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfrance%2Bmap%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D963%26bih%3D519%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=235&vpy=81&dur=1562&hovh=233&hovw=216&tx=124&ty=104&ei=8MTzTOKVMIqkuAOG_eiVCg&oei=8MTzTOKVMIqkuAOG_eiVCg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 Waterfront fields are arranged in the north and west of France. Alps mountain ranges spread the nation from the south-east. Pyrenees ranges spread from the south-west Massif focal from the south-focal. French individuals show pride for their one of a kind and individual national legacy. Their food and eating propensities make them extraordinary. French have concocted cheddar of 400 sorts. They believe wine to be their personality and a basic piece of their eating routine. They are of acceptable wellbeing and that is the reason, they generally make the most of their work. They never organize the work above everything except for take care of business for getting a charge out of life. French are discovered especially keen on examining current issues and policy driven issues. They feel glad to be French and this is extremely evident in their conversations. They pleased with their long history and culture. They appreciate life. Indeed, even they work for delight and happiness. They appear to be moderately far off characters and hard to meet. In any case, they are commonly well mannered yet they don't free themselves with others soon. It require some investment to fabricate relations with French. They in some cases additionally appear to be discourteous. Uniquely, while examining an issue, they need to reach to a resolution. Their mentality at banter; making contentions and counter-contentions, may appear to be forceful and silly. Be that as it may, it isn't so really. They simply need is to discover reality. One of the negative attributes of French culture is censuring. They are infrequently satisfied with what they have. Their analysis and disappointment frequently lead to strikes,

Role of Agricultural extension in rural development strategies of Sub Research Proposal

Job of Agricultural augmentation in country improvement methodologies of Sub Saharan Africa - Research Proposal Example The travel industry has been the significant business for over two decades yet the ranchers of Zanzibar are not profiting by the assessed 1.2 million visitors that visit the island every year. When known for its zest ranches, enormous percent of Zanzibar’s land stay uncultivated and they import more than 70 % of vegetables and organic products (Nyang and Webo, 2012: 154). This paper proposes the utilization of rancher field schools in Zanzibar to help smallholder ranchers decide, take care of issues and acquire new methods and abilities. Ranchers can receive a great deal of rewards on the off chance that they can apply what they will be educated in these schools. The ranchers will likewise expand their efficiency and benefits through offering information to neighbors. There is an extraordinary requirement for field schools since: smallholder ranchers in Zanzibar have next to no information on present day cultivating techniques, huge numbers of them didn’t go to class and they just utilize ordinary cultivating rehearses on their homestead. Arable land in Zanzibar could be expanded a lot with presentation of these schools. Improving quality and efficiency through gathering access to creation, expansion and preparing administrations and decrease cost of creation through buying of ranch inputs (counting manures, seeds and other hardware) in huge volumes. The utilization of rancher field schools approach as an investigative structure started in South-East Asia during the 1980s and has assumed a major job in the cultivating part. Rancher field schools approach has changed drastically. The effect of quick and supported rural efficiency in cultivating practices of Zanzibar is featured in writing. As put by Dixon et al, (2001: 108), factors that decide the development capability of a cultivating framework include: positive access to administrations and foundation and suitable asset blessings. This examination depends on the suspicions that smallholder ranchers of Zanzibar have almost no information

Poems

Poems I have a way of always picking really time-consuming HASS classes. This semester, with two of them, Roman History (21H.302) and Reading/Writing Poetry (21W.756), Im almost as stressed out about my HASS classes as lab and 8.06. I really love both these classes though. Im this walking encyclopedic source of knowledge about the trials of Ancient Rome covered in yesterdays assigned reading, and Im feeling more well-read every day with these contemporary (-ish) poets that Ive never heard of before. Take today, say, I got up at 5:30am to start studying for my 8.06 midterm tomorrow, but, writing a response to Robert Creeleys A Wicker Basket just seemed way more attractive, so I did that instead. The poetry class I take is small (4 students, one prof, total), together we make a writing major, a physics major (thats me), a mechanical engineer, a premed (I think), and a poet. Bill, thats who teaches the course, taught a class 2 semesters ago that I took called Writing and Experience (21W.731), that turned out to be my favorite class that term (the others were 8.04 8.044 18.703 and 7.013, which, actually, all were pretty good that was a good semester for me). Anyways, thats why Im back. Also, I really like poems. Every class day (which is Mondays and Wednesdays- thats today), we read a new poem and write a short essay response, which we read aloud in a class discussion. It usually takes me about 20 minutes to digest the poem, and between 45 min and an hour to write the response, usually, in writing out my thoughts on the poem, Im able to make connections that I couldnt make just in my head, and I find the poem unusually compelling. Well, I just read and responded to my favorite poem this semester so far. Just about 20 minutes ago, so I thought Id share it. Its by Robert Creeley. I keep calling him John Creeley because of I Know a Man. A Wicker Basket Comes the time when its later and onto your table the headwaiter puts the bill, and very soon after rings out the sound of lively laughter Picking up change, hands like a walrus, and a face like a barndoors, and a head without any apparent size, nothing but two eyes So thats you, man, or me. I make it as I can, I pick up, I go faster than they know Out the door, the street like a night, any night, and no one in sight, but then, well, there she is, old friend Liz And she opens the door of her cadillac, I step in back, and were gone. She turns me on There are very huge stars, man, in the sky, and from somewhere very far off someone hands me a slice of apple pie, with a gob of white, white ice cream on top of it, and I eat it Slowly. And while certainly they are laughing at me, and all around me is racket of these cats not making it, I make it in my wicker basket. Robert Creeley Weve also read, so far, Alan Ginsberg, and James Schuyler. Heres my response: I love the tone of this poem. Its intimate, and soft-spoken, yet behind his words clearly lies a forceful personality. “I Know a Man” had a very different feel. So different, in fact, that I have trouble tuning into the pace of one while the other is in my head. Where “I Know a Man” is assertive and rambling, “A Wicker Basket” is quietly observing. The poem wanders as he does through the deserted streets at night is spacious, like the sky with its huge stars, like “no one in sight”. Yet, has no pretense, talks to the reader like a friend, confides rather than preaches; consoles, almost, un-self-conscious, un-embarrassed. This poem is very comforting to me. This is really more my style. I love this. I find myself wondering what it is about a poem, really, that reaches the reader. About this one in particular. Perhaps it is the sense of meandering loneliness that really speaks to me, or the refuge of an old friend, even for one night, this “Liz”, who opens the door of her cadillac to him, who, “turns [him] on”. This casual sexual admission that speaks to me intimacy more than lust, or a lust built upon intimacy a sense of security embodied in the wicker basket, like a babys cradle, with its soft, woven walls and the shape like a womb, that he lives in. That he gives as the title to his poem. Perhaps it is the message of the poem. That, there will come a time, yes, when its later, and when the game is up, and all your distractions, perhaps your youth, is gone; when the streets outside are dark like night yet you must walk them. But even as you do, while the world is mocking you for your clumsiness, you will retain your dignity, as he does, and you will be safe, as he is. Anyways, I like poems. Im going on vacation. I promise pictures of the telescope. Later.

Infidelity Is Not That Big Of A Deal - 1580 Words

Infidelity is a tough subject to talk about among people throughout the world. It is commonly known as a violation of trust between married couples and can be considered a touchy subject. As examined in the article by Emily Barrow there are often cases of adultery related to people who are considered happy. These people are faithful for decades but one day they decide to cross a line that they have never crossed before and risk everything they have in their relationship. Although some people have a hard time explaining their reasoning and often time’s relationships end throughout the article there are several points to defend infidelity and explain how it is not that big of a deal. My personal opinion is that it should be considered unacceptable not because of any religious matters but out of genuine respect and love for your partner you should keep the promise you made when you were married. Within this paper I will investigate the concept of infidelity and why people decide to cheat on their significant other when everything is perfect at home and when times are tough. Through the use of several economic concepts learned throughout the course I will apply them to my research and establish a final conclusion that will aid me in weather I agree or disagree with the authors’ analysis. Infidelity is the largest opprobrium around the world. It is well know that adultery will more than often lead to divorce yet Esther Perel a well-known psychotherapist, states that divorce isShow MoreRelatedMarriages are a big responsibility in many different reasons. For instance, if the marriage is1300 Words   |  6 PagesMarriages are a big responsibility in many different reasons. For instance, if the marriage is blessed with a child that is one big responsibility. They are responsible for nurturing, providing and protecting their children. Also they should be role models for their children. Another big responsibility is when they make a long-life commitment to be true to one another in good times and in bad. God can also be a part of the relationship. The participation involves the complete love, trust, and respectRead More Infidelity Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society, infidelity is one of the leading causes of marital disruption and divorce. In accordance with societal norms many myths have been associated with infidelity. The following myths and their effects on marriage will be discussed: Everyone has affairs, the affair is the direct result of the faithful mate and, the marriage must end in divorce. In examining the various myths, this paper will challenge the greater issue, can marriage survive infidelity?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was aRead MoreOther Woman1399 Words   |  6 Pageswho also happens to have a spouse. She is fully aware that her infidelity is wrong and immoral. She also knows that she is destroying two families, her lover’s and her own. Despite this, she couldn’t seem to let go of her young lover. Her lover became her only escape to reality. In the end, she was left by her young lover for another woman who was also not his wife. III. Issues 1. Infidelity (Age gap) Infidelity is a violation of the mutually agreed-upon rules or boundariesRead MoreOf Mice And Men And Othello Analysis1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impossibility of Ideals in Othello and Of Mice and Men It is a celebrated part of human nature to dream big. All too often, these idealistic dreams become too big, and as demonstrated in Othello by William Shakespeare and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the harsh reality will always catch up. Othello is the story of a successful venetian general who, despite being a moor, marries Desdemona, a beautiful woman whom he loves with all his heart. Through a jealous ploy by Iago, Othello beginsRead MorePros And Cons Of Pornography731 Words   |  3 Pagesa part of daily life for many citizens over the age of sixteen and should not be punished just because people participate in watching sex acts through the internet. According to the article â€Å"Watching Porn Not a Big Deal, Study Suggests.†, â€Å"Watching porn promotes casual sex and infidelity, and curbs relationship commitment and satisfaction with partners,†. (Blackwell, par. 12). Another reason why regulation and prosecution is unnecessary is because teenagers are oftentimes already sexually activeRead MoreInfidelity : Sexual Or Emotional Act1923 Words   |  8 PagesDefinition of Infidelity In America, infidelity rates have shot up exorbitantly high in the latest year. Infidelity, which is a form of cheating, has become a common problem throughout America (Debernadi, Nicholas). Even though infidelity is the breaking of trust, it can cause major damage to a person mentally, physically, or emotionally. Infidelity is a sexual or emotional act engaged in by one person within a committed relationship. When infidelity is acted upon, that means the partner of the relationshipRead MoreCritical Analysis Of King Arthur1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough this process.While King Arthur is away, his son, Mordred, overthrows his father and takes the throne. At this point, not only is King Arthur affected psychologically by the betrayal of his wife and one of his closest knights; he also has to deal with, and mourn the death of his people and other knights. He has to do this all while his son is at home, trying to take over his kingdom. These events have an immense effect on King Arthu r and various other characters, influencing their interactionsRead MoreEssay Life After Divorce1088 Words   |  5 Pagesdivorce in the first place. One of the biggest issues are the love issues found in marriages. In many cases infidelity is the cause of divorce.â€Å"About one in five adults in monogamous relationships, or 22 percent, have cheated on their current partner.†(Weaver). In other words a lot of people get cheated on even when a serious relationship. You might think that having kids would decrease infidelity and have this statistics change but that is furthest thing from fact.ii. â€Å"Indeed, having kids is no deterrentRead MoreFun Home By Alison Bechdel1518 Words   |  7 Pagessecret. TRANSITION Bruce Bechdel was the master of secrecy, hiding a part of his sexuality behind his heterosexual marriage in order to keep his idea of an acceptable livelihood. It is clear that Bruce Bechdel had a few infidelities with males throughout Bechdel’s childhood, infidelities that she did not know until later in life. This creates a whole new perceptive for Bechdel. The father who she thought as a controlling, ste rn, literary fein man kept a part of his identity from her for quite a bit ofRead MoreThe Themes Of Death And Death1282 Words   |  6 PagesCambridge Hinds Big Question Paper The Meaning of Death The themes of life and death are used frequently throughout many ancient and modern stories, and specifically, thoughts on death and what it means differ from author to author, time period to time period, and circumstance to circumstance. Many works of ancient literature address the meaning of death directly; examples include the drama Medea by ancient Greek playwright Euripides in 431 BCE, and the Decameron by Italian Giovanni Boccaccio

Character Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm - 748 Words

Fight me! Animals have grown to understand humans and be like humans, until they learn to fight back, and keep the idea that they’re free, and then slowly morph back into the ways it used to be when humans were in charge. Analogies about animal farm can range from, the students connecting the book to the bible, government today, passed wars, or even more, because this book was different for everyone. Animal farm is a very simple book at first, but once a person starts to talk about it, it can become very deep and meaningful. Orwell may have written this book for the Russian Revolution, but he created a very relatable book for the past, present, and future. Animal Farm can be a reference to many major wars, and the characters in†¦show more content†¦You were never safe even if you were in your own home, during that time in the Soviet Union, because the children were brainwashed at a young age to love and adore their leader, and others were scared to be involved with people who were against Stalin. â€Å"And so the confessions and executions went on, until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleons feet..† (83). This seen was a reference to the Great Purge and Great Terror that Stalin had created. Both these characters would rather be feared than loved by those around them, and that was normally the case even with the people who were closest to them. When Napoleon had taken the new born puppies from their mothers, he planned to make them love him and follow only his orders, like soldiers. Stalin also had his own private army to strike fear into the citizens hearts and take out whoever stood against him like the hens and the four pigs that stood up to Napoleon. Many of the soldiers were raised the same way the puppies were, to love and respect their leader. Stalin’s private army probably got special treatment and all the good equipment before any of the lower class soldiers did, or maybe that is just what the Orwell thought, or what other spectators thought. Soldiers aren’t always seen as the most fairest people, or the safest to be around, so the regular men and woman knew to avoid disrespecting them and showing how much they hated their current situation. When the dogsShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreHow Has George Orwell Used Animal Farm to Present His View of Human Nature?789 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm is a satirical allegory through which he presents his cynical view of human nature. He uses the animal fable effectively to expose the issues of injustice, exploitation and inequality in human society. Orwell uses the allegory, Animal Farm, to present the story of The Russian Revolution and essentially express his opinions on the matter. By plainly exposing the unjust and corrupt system that is communism, Orwell is ultimately presenting his pessimistic view of humanRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. ChapterRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead MoreCritical Review of Animal Farm2575 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Animal Farm† Bibliography: Orwell, George. â€Å"Animal Farm.† New York: Penguin Books Ltd, 1989 Introduction and Summary: Animal farm is an animal fable with a deliberate purpose. It is very realistic about society and its politics.  There are a number of conflicts in Animal Farm: the animals versus Mr. Jones, Snowball versus Napoleon, the common animals versus the pigs, Animal Farm versus the neighbouring humans, but all of them are expressions of the underlying tension between the oppressorsRead MoreComparision of The Chrysalids and Animal Farm Essay2185 Words   |  9 Pagestastes of modern day society, books and novels have different types and genres, all having in common the objective to please the reader and to convey morals and themes to the audience. In the 20th century were written 2 novels, The Chrysalids and Animal Farm, which will be compared and contrasted in the following essay, demonstrating the fact that they both target the general audience and not one particular group of readers. The comparison between both novels will be done via the contrast of specificRead MoreThe Storu- Animal F arm2755 Words   |  11 PagesThe story of Animal Farm is a political allegory of the situation of the communist Soviet Union. The author of the story George Orwell attempts to describe the events of the communist Russia and the bloody Revolutions through the characters of the Animal Farm. The novel introduces the story of a an animal farm which is being used to destroy the living of the animals by competing for the power in the governance of the farm which leaves the farm shattered in the end. It also depicts that how democraciesRead MoreA Marxist Critical Approach to Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay example1597 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciousness of men that determines their existence but their social existence that determines their consciousness†. By stating this, Marx sheds light into the workings of ‘The Great Gatsby’ thus showing that the social circumstances in which the characters find themselves define them, and that these circumstances consis t of core Marxist principles a Capitalistic society. These principles being ‘commodity fetishism’ and ‘reification’ are useful aids in interpreting and understanding the core themesRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Marxist Reading of Lord of the Flies Lead to a Fuller Understanding of the Novel?1888 Words   |  8 Pagesaway from reason toward savagery. However, it could be argued that there is a hidden, implicit meaning behind the novel, one which Marxist theory could help us understand. The ‘treasure chest’ theory states that no one can know a book and its characters better than the author him/herself. This is because the reader arguably cannot take out of the ‘chest’ more than the author originally put in. This is a view, however, that even William Golding himself had come to reject eventually, stating that

Tradition is the Guide of the Ignorant in The Lottery...

Tradition is the Guide of the Ignorant in The Lottery In The Lottery author Shirley Jackson takes us to a place in which a tradition is passed down generation after generation. However, over the years, the lottery has lost any significant meaning and the villagers follow tradition without even knowing why the tradition exists. In this short story, a lottery is held every June 26th of each year. The lottery consists of every man of each household to pick a piece of paper out of a box. One family will be the chosen family, which means that each member of the family will then choose another piece of paper from the box. In the end, only one person will be the ultimate winner. They will be the one who is stoned to death, and†¦show more content†¦Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted for the chips of wood that had been used for generations(234). While reading, the reader starts to understand the lottery tradition from which many rules and regulations disappeared for convenience reasons. This leads the reader to believe that the villagers do not truly understand the origins of the lottery. The townspeople do not ever question why the lottery takes place and they all just stand there and go through with it year after year. The lottery has become so commonplace that it almost seems as though its a natural part of their lives. Mrs. Jackson states The people had done the lottery so many times that they only half listened to the directions(235). In this passage, the reader learns through the nonchalant ness of the villagers actions that an important event does not attract much attention. They dont even need to listen to the directions because all the townspeople already know what they have to do. Another showing of ignorance is when Old Man Warner snorts, Pack of crazy fools, he said. Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. First thing you know, wed all be eatingShow MoreRelatedResearch on Consumer Awareness13028 Words   |  53 Pagescontributed by giving us the required knowledge and time, we would like to thank all of them. It is because of their assistance and competence that we have reached this milestone. We would like to express our gratitude and sincere thanks to our Project Guide Prof. Nadeem Merchant, Anjuman-I-Islam’s, Allana Institute Of Management Studies amp; Research for instilling confidence in us to carry out this study and extending valuable guidance and encouragement from time to time, without which it would notRead MoreDavid Copperfield9349 Words   |  38 Pages1870. After doing a full days work on Edwin Drood, he suffered a second stroke and died the following day.   c- Similarity between Charles childhood and David Copperfield : Education is a kind of lottery in which there are good and evil chances, and some men draw blanks and other men draw prizes. And in saying this I do not use the word education in any restricted sense, as applying exclusively to theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesEmployee-Orientation Program 634 Performance-Appraisal Interview with Chris Jakobsen 637 Employment-Selection Interview at Smith Farley Insurance 643 Supplement C CONDUCTING MEETINGS 651 SKILL LEARNING 652 Conducting Effective Meetings: A Short Guide for Meeting Managers and Meeting Participants The Five P s of Effective Meetings 652 Suggestions for Group Members 657 652 SKILL PRACTICE 660 Exercises for Conducting Meetings 660 Preparing and Conducting a Team Meeting at SSS Software 660 RoleRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow theRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesunscientific. This book is designed to improve all these other critical thinking skills, too, even though they dont directly involve arguments. Review of Major Points This chapter emphasized that logical reasoning is your guide to good decisions. It is also a guide to sorting out truth from falsehood. This chapter began with several case studies of logical reasoning. It also pointed out some common errors in reasoning. From these examples we were able to extract the following principles

Andy Warhol Quotes Essay Example For Students

Andy Warhol Quotes Essay Whats great about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you can know that the President drinks Coke. Liz Taylor drinks Coke, and just think, you can drink Coke, too. ;The most exciting attractions are between two opposites that never meet.;Everyone needs a fantasy.;If youre not trying to be real, you dont have to get it right. Thats art. Human beings are born solitary, but everywhere they are in chains daisy chains of interactivity. Social actions are makeshift forms, often courageous, sometimes ridiculous, always strange. And in a way, every social action is a negotiation, a compromise between his, her or their wish and yours.Art is what you can get away with. In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes.Dont pay any attention to what they write about you. Just measure it in inches.;They always say time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself.;Making money is art and working is art and good business is the best art.

A new study by economists Grace Lordan and David N Essays - Economy

A new study by economists Grace Lordan and David Neumark finds that minimum-wage increases make it likelier that low-skilled workers whose jobs can be automated will become unemployed. The study is especially relevant given two recent trends: first, the incorporation of dramatic minimum-wage hikes into the Democratic doctrine, and second, the continued progress of automation. The coincidence of those trends, if Lordan and Neumark are to be believed, does not bode well for low-skilled workers. The study examines the effect of minimum-wage increases on workers whose jobs consist of "routine" tasks, which "involve a repeated sequence of actions, are easily codifiable, and [are] therefore substitutable with technology." Such jobs exist across a variety of industries, and are especially abundant in finance, retail, manufacturing, and public administration. Automating data entry, upholstering, or assembly-line work is easier than automating jobs requiring adaptation to unpr edictable conditions or abstract problem-solving. And as the unstoppable march of technical progress continues apace, the technology required to automate those jobs becomes more sophisticated and less expensive. Raising the minimum wage means raising the cost of labor. But when many workers are performing tasks that can be done more efficiently by computers or machines, management will hesitate to pay them $15 an hour. Sure enough, the authors find, "minimum wage increases cause a statistically significant reallocation of labor away from automatable tasks." The average numbers are bleak "a $1 increase in the minimum wage leads to a 0.43 percentage point decrease in the share of automatable jobs done by low-skilled workers" but the numbers under the hood are even worse. Older workers in manufacturing are hit especially hard, as are women in public administration and blacks in the transportation and manufacturing sectors. Increasing the minimum wage also causes workers to switch jobs, adding to the precariat. So, too, does it leave them vulnerable to reductions in hours. Lordan and Neumark see their study as filling a gap in the minimum-wage literature, which they say "usually focuses on very low-skilled workers." Rather than examining the effect of a wage increase on teenagers, for instance, their analysis takes a look at all the jobs which can feasibly be automated. That's timely information, and not just for bank tellers: The driverless car, the bricklaying robot, and, further out, Ross the lawyer may render more occupations exposed to the pressures of automation than before. It's true that the share of non-routine jobs in our labor force has risen over time as routine jobs have either moved overseas or been automated away. Automation hasn't cannibalized jobs; it has led to the creation of more opportunities for high-skilled workers. But there's a swathe of people to whom the modifier "high-skilled" doesn't currently apply. Balancing the creat ive destruction brought about by new technology with the need for an employed populace is a difficult challenge that simply raising the minimum wage won't meet. This study is evidence that raising the minimum wage in a world of automation means fewer low-wage jobs. If we had a national productivity strategy or a coherent approach to immigration, that could be a good thing. Such a counterfactual requires a possible world far away from the one we live in, however. If implemented here, the Democratic "fight for $15" could cause catastrop he for millions.

Halloween Movie Quotes That Will Haunt You

Halloween Movie Quotes That Will Haunt You Hollywood has produced some fabulous horror classics. Movies like Nightmare on Elm Street, House on Haunted Hill, The Shining, and The Sixth Sense are blockbusters that made horror a winning formula. What makes horror movies so enticing?​ Halloween  commemorates the living and the dead, the real and the surreal. Even for a non-believer, Halloween is a fun festival as it creates an aura of mystery and daredevilry around us. Likewise, horror movies are thrilling because of special effects, mysterious plotline, and voodoo science. Stories about the supernatural try to unravel the mysteries that surround death and rebirth. Horror Movies Quotes Use these Halloween movie quotes to spook your party guests. With voice modulation and the right sound effects, these quotes can make any brave-heart shudder. You can also use these quotes to decorate your Halloween party invites, party favors, and thank you cards. Nightmare on Elm StreetChildren: One, two. Reds calling for you. Three, four. Better lock your door. Five, six. Grab your crucifix. Seven, eight. Gonna stay up late. Nine, ten. Never sleep again.Planet TerrorDr. William Block: Im gonna eat your brains, and gain your knowledge.The Addams FamilyMorticia [to Gomez, watching Pugsley sleep]:  Its so sweet. He looks just like a little entrà ©e.The HauntingTheodora: Havent you noticed how nothing in this house seems to move until you look away and then you just... catch something out of the corner of your eye?The UninvitedRoderick Fitzgerald: Thats not because there are most ghosts here than other places, mind you. Its just that people who live here about are strangely aware of them. You see, day and night, year in, year out, they listen to the pound and stir of the waves. Theres life and death in that restless sound. And eternity too.The OthersMrs. Mills: Sometimes the world of the living gets mixed up with the world of the dead. The Addams FamilyMargaret [to Morticia]: You are too precious for words, why I could just... eat you alive!The OthersMrs. Mills: The intruders are leaving, but others will come. Sometimes well sense them. Other times, we wont.The FlyVeronica Quaife: Be afraid. Be very afraid.Silence of the LambsHannibal Lecter: I ate his liver with some fava beans and a fine Chianti.Childs PlayChucky: Hi! Im Chucky. Want to play?Dawn of the DeadTelevangelist: When theres no more room in hell, the dead will walk the earth.The Sixth SenseCole Sear: I see dead people.Halloween H20: 20 Years LaterNorma Watson: You know, its Halloween. I guess everyone is entitled to one good scare, huh?Halloween (1978)Dr. Sam Loomis: Death has come to your little town, Sheriff. You can either ignore it, or you can help me to stop it.Halloween (2007)Dr. Samuel Loomis: These eyes will deceive you, they will destroy you. They will take from you, your innocence, your pride, and eventually your soul. These eyes do not see wha t you and I see. Behind these eyes one finds only blackness, the absence of light, these are of a psychopath. Halloween (1978)Tommy: You cant kill the Boogey man.American PsychoPatrick Bateman: I want to stab you to death, and then play around with your blood.Friday the 13thCrazy Ralph: Im a messenger of God. Youre doomed if you stay here. This place is cursed. Cursed... Its got a death curse!

Artificial Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Artificial Intelligence - Research Paper Example Perhaps other schools of thought surrounding the origin of the human race would not have much to argue about the ability of humankind to create because the records are clear to show that humankind has been able to cater for himself to a very large extent through the invention of machines and other minor items that he needs to live a better life. Generally, the things that are invented or created by men are called artificial things. Careful consideration of the trend of human creation (invention) shows clearly that the ability for humans to create keep getting complicated by the day. The threat and big question therefore remains if humans would not keep getting complicated with their inventions till a stage when the situation would just get out of hand? This research paper shall there delve more into what the risk stands for this world if out of the curiosity to make artificial intelligence products better, there comes a time when the activities of these machines cannot be regulated b ecause of the absence of moral reasoning. Overview of Artificial Intelligence In the 1940s, the world witnessed the ability of humans to create computers to make basic human manipulations such as calculations, sorting and writing very simple. Along the way, the process became even more complex as humans continued to invent machinery to aid him undertaking certain activities that would have rather involve human intelligence (Chaize, 2008). Because these sought of ‘intelligence’ where made by humans (artificial) and not by nature (natural), they were assigned the name artificial intelligence. The commonest form of artificial intelligence that comes to mind when mention is made of the phenomenon is the making of robots. The fundamental idea behind artificial intelligence therefore has to do with the infusion of machines with the ability to think. A mentally sound machine could therefore be said to be the product of artificial intelligence. It is not surprising therefore th at there are now robots that play intelligent games like chess. There are also robots and other forms of machines that have been induced with the intelligence to perform brain related functions such as planning, deduction, knowledge representation, reasoning, problem solving and natural language processing. The question that researchers have always asked has been about what the future of artificial intelligence would be. This is because scientists have always wanted a way of making their inventions better. They have also sought ways of making their inventions more and more complicated and useful for solving immediate problems. Artificial Intelligence and Moral Reasoning Artificial intelligence, though directly concerns computer science have had a lot of controversy and debate even in other fields of studies. One of these fields is philosophy. Philosophy generally concerns the human mind and how it functions. It is also closely related to intelligence since intelligence deals with th e human brain and its function. For artificial intelligence to deal with ‘intelligence’ as a phenomenon therefore, it is expected that philosophers would be concerned about the subject. One major debate that philosophers have always been caught in is the question as to whether or not machines could really be intelligent. In the present research paper, the

Smoking Ban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking Ban - Essay Example The public was, however, largely ignorant to this fact the medics became viewed with skepticism. It took a number of long years for people to pay attention to the medics. Medical science has, nevertheless, proved beyond a reasonable doubt that smoking kills (Susman, 2012). A lot of smokers claim that it is by choice that they smoke this might be the case, but what if the person smoking is a female who is pregnant, or what if the smoker sits in a room full of young children and inflicts that choice of hers to the children. Smoking has since the early 1990’s, become antisocial and the voice of the non smokers can largely be heard (European Society of Cardiology, 2012). Smoking ban infringes on human rights to enjoy their freedom. A lot of people believe that putting smoking bans in a number of public areas is a harsh measure and that it will affect them profoundly. There is also the other group that accepts putting bans in all public places is the way to go. The question I ask is, why do people smoke. From my research, I uncovered a couple of that lead people to smoke; First of all young people smoke because it makes them feel mature, look like their friends or even experiment (Susman, 2012). Adults, on the other hand, smoke to reduce stress or pressure (Hinds & First, 2000). Carrying a couple of smokes to work is a reward to all smokers, most of them would not think of carrying them to work if they did not have a reason too. Smoking enables one to kick back, relax and enjoy him or herself for a few minutes. I must acknowledge that sitting with a group of people with a smoke is a terrific way to relax. The other group of people says that smoking is a social thing. For example, if a person is outside having a smoke and spots another person also having a smoke, it is always an easy and  pleasant way of starting a conversation. Especially in social places like bars or clubs, these are the places, to meet people and socialize over a smoke and a drink. Smoking is

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Analysis Predetermination And Free Will Sinfield has discussed about Calvinism, underpinning the Elizabethan orthodoxy which would regard Faustus not as damned because he makes a pact with the Devil, but as making a pact with the Devil because he is already damned.(353) He very well portrays the idea that because Faustus got involved in a sin, he was bound to be damned. At another instance his claim, If Faustus doesnt have it, there is nothing he can do. (355) nullifies any possibility of justifying his wrong conduct. At times it cannot be called a Calvinist play as God is exceedingly good in gifts, until the Faustus becomes a victim of his insatiable desire even when God is willing to forgive, if he repents. But Faustus intentionally refuses all the aid and goes down to damnation. Doctrine of Calvinism was on rise in England and under the direction of Puritan theologian. Calvinism means theological first promoted by John Calvin in (150 9-1564 ).He was one of leaders of Protestant reformation. It laid the foundation for reformed theology. Calvinism is contrasted with Lutheranism with which it divided the heritage of the Reformation. Calvinism and Lutheranism both discussed the principles of predestination and justification by faith. Calvinism sees God in all life activity and also in salvation. In first place predestination is not formative principle of Calvinism, it has only logical implications. It is not the root from which Calvinism springs out, but acts as branch of Calvinism. By the end of Act 1, Faustus appears to have made up his mind to sell his soul to the devil in exchange for twenty-four years in which he will live in all voluptuousness (1.3.94). Act 2, Scene 1 opens with another soliloquy in a long soliloquy, Faustus reflects on the most rewarding type of scholarships. He considers law, quoting the Byzantine emperor Justinian, but dismisses the law as too petty, dealing with trivial matters rather than larger ones. Divinity, the study of religion and theology, seems to offer wider vistas, but he quotes from St. Jeromes Bible that all men sin and finds the Bibles assertion that [t]he reward of sin is death an unacceptable doctrine. He then dismisses religion and fixes his mind on magic, which, when properly pursued, he believes will make him a mighty god (1.62). In Act1 Scene1, the lines Thinks thou that I, who saw the face of God, and tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells in being deprived of everlasting bliss?, establish the fact the Faustus had given up on his fate and believed that he is the master of his own destiny. While the predestination involved a complete dependency on God and advocated for supremacy of Gods free will, Faustus wanted to challenge the sovereignty of God and experiment his own free will. He took a different route in principles other than the natural logic of salvation process professed by his friends and other scholars. He relied on the strength of human effort alone. Faustus had mastered all the subjects he read. This play emphasizes the fact that knowledge when misutilized can lead to destruction. Faustus wanted to study magic instead metaphysics. He gained knowledge through evil. Faustus possessed insatiable thirst for knowledge and fanaticism and showed deep interest in necromancy. Faustus rejected traditional study and turned towards magic and wanted to practice necromancy. He looked forward to the advantages which he would gain as a magician. He was a Renaissance man and experienced inner conflict, when the good angel dissuades him from practicing magic. The evil angel wanted that he should go forward and practice magic. Doctor Faustus is a Christian tragedy as Marlowe has depicted human soul as a battle field. Doctor Faustus is a victim of his conceptions and misconception. As is true throughout the play, however, Marlowe uses Faustuss own words to expose Faustuss blind spots. In his initial speech, for example, Faustus establishes a hierarchy of disciplines by showing which are nobler than others. He does not want merely to protect mens bodies through medicine, nor does he want to protect their property through law. He wants higher things, and so he proceeds on to religion. There, he quotes selectively from the New Testament, picking out only those passages that make Christianity appear in a negative light. He reads that [t]he reward of sin is death, and that [I]f we say we that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us (1.40-43). The second of these lines comes from the first book of John, but Faustus neglects to read the very next line, which states, If we confess our sins, [God] is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousn ess (1 John 1:9). Thus, through selective quoting, Faustus makes it seem as though religion promises only death and not forgiveness and so he easily rejects religion with a fatalistic What will be, shall be! Divinity, adieu! (1.48). Meanwhile, he uses religious language-as he does throughout the play-to describe the dark world of necromancy that he enters. These metaphysics of magicians / and necromantic books are heavenly (1.49-50), he declares without a trace of irony. Having gone upward from medicine and law to theology, he envisions magic and necromancy as the crowning discipline. Sinfiled as a critic has argued that God is silent on this occasion as he writes, If Faustuss heart is hardened and he cannot repent, who has hardened it? (356). Besides this Faustuss repentance is insincere, and that he consistently fails to repent not because he is suffering from theologically-induced despair, but because he is afraid of the devils and constantly distracted by the frivolous entertainments they stage for him, like the pageant of the seven deadly sins which follows this episode. One could argue as well that the play does represent the Christian God as loving and merciful, and shows human beings to be free to shape their own spiritual destinies. The Good and Evil Angels, after all, seem to give dramatic form to Faustuss freedom to choose: he has a choice between good and evil, and he chooses evil in full knowledge of what the consequences will be. As late as Act 5, Scene 1, the Old Man appears on stage to drive home the availability of Gods mercy if only Faustus will sincerely repent his sins. Looked at from this perspective, it is Faustus and not God who is responsible for the terrible fate that greets him at the close of the play. Conclusively, Marlowe has planned the demise of Faustus in such a way that the argument, There are two traps in the play. One is set by God for Dr.Faustus; the other is set by Marlowe, for God. (361) holds true. Doctor Faustus is an Elizabethan tragedy. The play deals with the will of God and the hero defies it. The main focus is on human will. Faustus brings tragedy for himself. Faustus decides to follow the path as told by Valdes and Cornelius and practices black magic. Faustus himself calls Mephistopheles. This can be inferred as a fact supporting predestination from the lines, Mephistopheless intervention would be part of Faustuss punishment within the divine predestination.(354)Out of pride Faustus seeks world of profit, delight and power. Faustus signs pact with Mephistopheles to enjoy worldly pleasure. In the Prologue and through the first chorus his doom is before us in clear and emphatic terms. We are that swollen with pride in his attainments , he forgets about salvation. (354) Mephistopheles by responding to Faustus demands, gives answers on Hell, makes him invisible so that he can irritate Pope who was at a feast in the company of the Cardinal of Lorraine. So it was destined by God to put Mephistopheles to make full use of pride and bringing damnation and ultimately death of Faustus. This is evident from Sinfields discussion on point of having a Good Angel as, The role of the Good Angel is to tell Faustus what he ought to do but cannot, so that he will be unable to claim ignorance when God taxes him with wickedness. Sinfield raises the possibility that the play was written to embarrass Protestant doctrine.(358) He also wrote If Faustus was guided by Mephistopheles, the decision was Gods. For Protestant thought could not tolerate devils wandering around the world at whim: God does not just allow their activities, he contracts out tasks to them. There exists many contradictions in the play but eventually one may feel as imperfections exist in human so why not in a character of a play. The ultimate authority to decide lies in the hands of the readers. Last not the least Sinfields thought substantial texts are in principle likely to be written across ideological faultlines because that is the most interesting kind of writing; they may well not be susceptible to any decisive reading. (359) is more convincing.

Jamess Pragmatism and Platos Sophistes Essay -- Pragmatism Sophistes

James's Pragmatism and Plato's Sophistes ABSTRACT: In the first chapter of Pragmatism, William James outlines two philosophical temperaments. He argues that though one's temperament modifies one's way of philosophizing, its presence is seldom recognized. This statement by James led me to Plato's Sophistes, especially the relationship between temperament and being. Although Plato describes certain temperaments, I hold that the main topic is being. The ancients restricted All to real being, e.g., the tangible or the immovable. This reading of the Sophistes puts a different face on the first chapter of Pragmatism. However, if we allow James to speak to present-day philosophers as well as his turn of the century audience, then this reading of the Sophistes will clarify the current philosophical temperament. Neither James nor the contemporary philosopher is satisfied with any restriction on All; for this reason, both lack interest in being. Being, once the richest word, no longer satisfies the philosopher's greedy temperament. Introduction In the first chapter of Pragmatism (2) William James speaks about a rather unusual aspect of philosophy. He gives an outline of two prevailing temperaments in philosophy. 'Temperament', he argues, '...is no conventionally recognized reason [in philosophy]... Yet [a professional philosopher's] temperament really gives him a stronger bias than any of his more strictly premises. ... Yet in the forum he can make no claim, on the bare ground of his temperament, to superior discernment or authority.' (3) James argues that, although one's temperament modifies one's way of philosophizing, its presence is seldom recognized. This statement by James prompted me to the reading of part of Pl... ... 1979) (5) The Greek words on and ousia are both translated as real, real being or reality. (6) Not surprisingly, in the Sophistes as in Pragmatism the fight between the temperaments is claimed to be of all times. (7) His name is not mentioned in the dialogue. (8) Cf. Apology 23c, Theaetetus 168a. (9) Cf. 216a-c, 224e-226a, 233a, 249cd, 253a-254b, 259d. (10) Cf. ai)sxu/vh 230d, ai)sxu/nein (247bc) (11) J. Souilhà ©, Étude sur le terme ΔÎ ¥ÃŽ ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽÅ"IÃŽ £ dans les dialogues de Platon (Paris: Librairie Fà ©lix Alcon, 1919) cf. p. 36, 112, 154 ff.. (12) `Real being ... is always in the same unchanging state ....' (248a) (13) Cf. 258c-259b. (14) W. James, Some Problems of Philosophy: A beginning of an Introduction to Philosophy (New York: Longmans, Green adn Co., 1924) (15) James (1924), p. 37 (16) James (1924), p. 46

Lenin’s Russia Essay

1. The painting shows that Lenin is pleased to be back in Russia. He has his hand up waving at the crowd. Lenin looks happy and he looks pleased to be back. He also looks to be pleased by the way that the crowd are reacting to his return. The crowd are happy to have Lenin back. The people’s faces are all looking at him and they are all waving back at him. There are people playing musical instruments at what looks like a celebration to welcome him back. They are celebrating the return of Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, who later changed his name to Lenin, from exile in Finland. The people are pleased to see Lenin and they would therefore be the people that agree with Lenin and his ideas and decisions. The crowd is not just townspeople that have gone to meet Lenin. There are men there with bullets over their shoulders. These people are soldiers that agreed with Lenin’s ideas. They had some force with their guns and this means that Lenin had some force. All of these townspeople see Lenin as a leader for Russia that is why they are there. This is not a true reflection over all of Russia. This source is very inaccurate as it is painting and could have been a forgery to make Lenin look popular and make it look like there are a lot of people there. 2. The painting does show that Lenin was popular in Finland station, which is in Russia like Waterloo station is in London, but this is not a true reflection over the whole of Russia. The people that were at Finland station are clearly pleased to have him back but in other parts of Russia this was not the case. Lenin was only popular with the people that supported communism and supported Bolshevik rule. These were known as the reds and the opposition was known as the whites due to the color of their uniforms that their armies wore. It is clear that this painting does not show the feeling over the rest of Russia because the civil war came. This tells us that Lenin was not popular all over Russia and he had opposition in the whites that he fought in the civil war. This was not only the case in Russia but also all over the world. When the civil war started Lenin and the reds didn’t have any outside allies while the Americans, the French and the British supported the whites. These countries wanted to help the whites against Lenin because Lenin had pulled Russia out of the First World War before it had ended. They were bitter about it and so they helped fight against him. In conclusion Lenin was popular and respected in certain areas of Russia like Finland station but across the rest of Russia and the World he was not admired or acclaimed. Source B 3. Each photograph has Lenin on the left standing on a podium talking to the crowd that are surrounding him. On the first photograph Lenin has two men standing to his right on the stairs. These men are Trotsky and Kamenev who were the right hand men to Lenin. In the second photo Lenin is again standing on the podium but in this photo there is no Trotsky or Kamenev, photographic experts have removed Trotsky and Kamenev. 4. These pictures are so different because in the first one Lenin is accompanied by two men, Trotsky and Kamenev but in the second picture they have disappeared from the image. These pictures were used as propaganda pictures by Stalin after the death of Lenin to inform the people that Trotsky and Kamenev were not anymore involved with Stalin. It is as if they have disappeared. Trotsky was the man behind the red army. He was the man that gained a great victory in the civil war and saved the Revolution. Trotsky would have been the man to take over from Lenin after his death but due to the fact he was clever he was hated by the other Communist leaders and was never supported, so a man that was lower down in rank was given the job, Joseph Stalin. Stalin and the other communist leaders hated Trotsky. He was removed from any position of power in the country so that he couldn’t cause any problem for Stalin. Stalin took power with Zinovliev and Kamenev after Lenin’s death. They accused Trotsky of trying to split the communist party and take power for himself. No one defended Trotsky. After Trotsky had all of his positions of power removed he was exiled internally and then in 1929 Leon Trotsky was forced out of Russia and was exiled to Mexico. Once Stalin had taken power away from Trotsky before he was exiled, Stalin turned on Kamenev and Zinoviev. They were becoming worried and in 1926 they joined Trotsky in a United Opposition to Stalin’s policies. Stalin got his supporters to help him and both were sacked from their party and government positions. They were both allowed back into the party in 1928 but into positions with no power. So Stalin had ended up the solitary leader of Soviet Union. This trouble had left him very apprehensive of his colleagues. Stalin used the two photographs to show that Trotsky and Kamenev had fallen from their days of power when Lenin was alive and in charge. Source C 5. (i) Lenin is sweeping the entire world of Royalty, Aristocratic and Religious people. Lenin was against rich and powerful people and so that is why he is sweeping them off the globe. The people he is targeting are all the rich people. The man standing on top of the globe is Lenin. The first two men to his right of Lenin, with crowns on, look to be some kind of royalty. The person in the bottom left of the picture looks like an Orthodox Russian Church member. The man in the bottom right of the cartoon looks like a rich aristocrat. Lenin is using a broom and sweeping because that is traditionally associated with workers and not the rich. It is signifying the fight back of the workers to show that Lenin is on the workers side and that they will fight against the rich. 5. (ii) The Revolution of March 1917 that overthrew the tsarist regime caught Lenin by surprise, but he managed to secure passage through Germany in a sealed train. His dramatic arrival in Petrograd occurred one month after rebellious workers and soldiers had toppled the tsar. The Bolsheviks, including Joseph Stalin, had agreed with the deference the Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies showed to the provisional government. Lenin immediately refused this line of policy. In his â€Å"April Theses† he argued that only the Soviet could respond to the hopes and needs of Russia’s workers and peasants. Under the slogan â€Å"All Power to the Soviets†, the Bolshevik party conference accepted Lenin’s programme. After an unsuccessful workers’ uprising in July, Lenin spent August and September 1917 in Finland, hiding from the provisional government. There, he formulated his concepts of a socialist government. He also bombarded the party’s Central Committee with demands for an armed uprising in the capital. His plan was finally accepted; it was put into effect on November 7th. A few days after the November Revolution, Lenin was elected head of government. He acted sensibly to consolidate the power of the new Soviet state. His main concern was the protection of the Revolution and Soviet power against enemies both abroad and at home. In line with these practical considerations Lenin accepted the heavy German terms for the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty. Lenin took power of Russia from the provisional government that didn’t put up that much of a fight at all to stop him from taking over. Lenin took power after the Tsar had fallen and the country was in disarray after the First World War. Lenin took power after being in exile from Russia so he hadn’t seen all of the effects that the war had on Russia. Source D 6. (i) Robert Lansing had a bad attitude towards the Russian revolution. He didn’t think that Russia could survive after the takeover by the Bolsheviks in the civil war. Lansing believed that the revolution would end in ‘brutality and destruction of life’. Lansing compares the Russian revolution with the French revolution. He says that before the French revolution France had a legal system and a government, Russia possesses neither. This means that he didn’t think that they would be capable of running the country. Lansing says that the country wouldn’t end up further developed. Which indicates that there is no point in fighting. To stop the problem they should get a government and a legal system. To advance his speech he hammers home his point that there is no authority or control. He continues to say that the country is full of anarchy and violence. He gives a comparison to a cauldron as though it is waiting to overflow, it is boiling up nicely. Finally he thinks of the people of Russia and how they will be affected by the war. He gives the sense that he feels sorry for the things that will happen to them. Robert Lansing’s attitude was that Russia would be worse off if the Bolsheviks took control of all Russia. His view is not necessarily correct, as Robert Lansing has biased opinion due to the fact that he was the US Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He has a bad attitude towards Russia because they pulled out of the First World War. The Americans would be bitter and wouldn’t support anything that the Russians do. 6. (ii) When Robert Lansing said the words ‘Russian Terror’ he was referring to the pain that Russian people would feel. By terror he means that blood will be shed and life will be lost. He thinks that the death rate and property destruction will be higher than the French Revolution. He is saying that people have a hard time ahead of them if they live in Russia. Source E 7. This source comes from Winston Churchill at the time when he was the British Secretary of War and Air. Churchill has a very definite opinion of the Bolsheviks and there ideas, he doesn’t support them at all. You can tell from the first sentence he said ‘the Bolshevik Tyranny is the worst’. This is a very hard statement to take in. This means that a Tyrant ran the Bolshevik party so Churchill is calling Lenin a Tyrant and Churchill was calling Lenin cruel. He was calling the Bolshevik party cruel. This is a statement that sets out from the start that he doesn’t support the Bolsheviks. In the next sentence Churchill states that the things that had been done in Russia by Lenin and Trotsky are far worst than anything that the Kaiser of Germany did. To compare Trotsky and Lenin to the Kaiser is a very strong statement, as he was not at all liked by anyone in Germany. He was hurting everyone. Churchill doesn’t say that they are equal to the Kaiser but that they are worst than him. Churchill view on Russia would be biased because he is British and he still wouldn’t be too happy because Russia pulled out of the First World War. Churchill has more reason to be infuriated than most British people as he was in charge of Britain’s war effort. Source F 8. This source doesn’t show that the Bolshevik government was successful. They didn’t do the job that they set out to do which was to help the working class people. This source is bound to be accurate as it out of a history textbook it will be accurate because it is looking back on the incident and not looking forward like source D and E the book will also not have biased opinion. The first line says that Russian people suffered terribly in the civil war. This proves that Robert Lansing and Winston Churchill were correct with their prediction. Both said that the Russian people would suffer terribly and both were right. The Bolshevik government did not handle the civil war at all well. This source gives us some facts to back the suggestion that the government was not successful. The source tells us the economy collapsed. This meant that money was worthless. So the Bolsheviks didn’t mange to keep the money useable. The fact that industrial production had gone down means that they are going backwards and not improving the country, so Lansing was right when he said that this wasn’t the way to go. The civil war wasn’t killing as much as the diseases were which meant that innocent people were dying not just soldiers. The Bolsheviks were not fighting for their idea of workers, they were killing them instead. The communist was now becoming a dictatorship. This means that Churchill was right in his analysis comparing the Bolsheviks to the Kaiser who was a dictator. The source says that the Bolsheviks were losing support as well. This means that they were not successful at all. They didn’t have success at all from the civil war. Summary 9. Source A This source gives us a false sense of the popularity of Lenin in Russia. This painting is only of Finland station and does not give a good representation of the rest Russia. Lenin is proven not to liked all over Russia because there is the civil war and this means that one opposition party doesn’t like Lenin so this source is only a good indication as to where Lenin is liked. You can tell that he is liked at Finland station and the surrounding area. We do not know about the rest of the country but he is certainly liked in is one area. This source does not give us an accurate sense of Lenin’s popularity. This source could also be a forgery if it were a photograph it would be true but a painting can easily be made up. You cannot be certain if this is the true event that happened. Source B This source was used as propaganda for Stalin after Lenin’s death. These sources real point is the fact that Trotsky and Kamenev have fallen from the limelight, but the source can also be used to look at the popularity of Lenin and the message he was giving out to the people of Russia. In both pictures you can see the crowd covering the whole of the area. There are no gaps anywhere. This shows that Lenin was popular at this time and that people did listen to him. As I have already said this sources main point that Trotsky and Kamenev have gone but the photo can give other information. You can only see behind Lenin at the number of people but I would imagine that in front of him there would be more people as his voice would be projected that way. So this means there would be about triple the amount of people in photograph listening to Lenin. That may seem like a lot but over the whole of Russia it is small amount considering the vast size that is Russia. We are not told where this is and so might in an area where Lenin is popular like Finland station. You can tell that this event actually happened as it a photograph not a painting like the source before. Source C Source C is a political cartoon that is aiming to put across the message that Lenin is working with the working class. Lenin has the broom and is sweeping because that is associated with the working class people. He is sweeping the upper class and privileged people off of the world and taking over. If this cartoon were a true reflection on the job that Lenin was doing, you would assume that he would be popular with working class but not so the upper class people whom he wants to get rid of. This is not the case. The upper classes, rich people, were not impressed with Lenin trying to get rid of them. So he didn’t really become very popular with them. They didn’t like him and because they owned massive pasts of Russia this was a problem. This cartoon would have won some votes with the lower and working class the fact that he was trying to make it an even playing field for all. Source D This cannot really tell us much about the situation in Russia but it does give us a global sense of the feelings towards Lenin and his government. The first couple of lines give us a feel for what the Russian people would be in for. If the things Robert Lansing predicted happen then Lenin and his government would not be popular in Russia. The mass deaths would not go down well with the people in Russia. This did come true and so Lenin government didn’t look good. This source tells that the government didn’t have a lot of friends outside of the country. Lansing was an American and they were a major power but Lenin didn’t have their support as you can see from this statement. The statement written by Robert Lansing is a biased account though as the Americans were fighting the First World War with Russia until they pulled out and so there would be some bitterness between the two countries. Source E This source came from Winston Churchill. This again tells that Lenin was not popular outside of Russia. It gives a comparison to the Kaiser. If Lenin were thought of like the Kaiser then he would be hated like the Kaiser. Churchill gives a good comparison but his opinion is biased and should be not be used as fact it is only an opinion. Source F The final source gives reasons why Lenin was unpopular. This source is taken from a textbook and therefore will be correct. It gives facts why Lenin was not popular; economic collapse, Industrial production had dropped by 20 per cent of the level it was in 1913, harvest produced only 60 per cent of the normal amount and during the civil war famine and disease caused 8 million deaths. These facts give hard evidence why the Russian people have cause to not like Lenin. All of these sources tell us that Lenin and the Bolsheviks popularity changed over the time they were in power. If we can trust the early sources you would believe that he was popular. In 1917 Lenin would have been popular as the country was in disarray and would have supported any leader. However as his time went on the true view of Lenin came out. Towards 1924 he started to go down hill and wasn’t as respected by the people. When source F gives the final facts of what was happening it is easy to say that Lenin was not as successful as first thought. Lenin early high popularity dropped towards the end of his time to be hated by the people of Russia.

Perlocutionary Acts Definition and Examples

In speech-act theory, a perlocutionary act is an action or state of mind brought about by, or as a consequence of, saying something. It is also known as  a perlocutionary effect. The distinction between the illocutionary act and the  perlocutionary act is  important, says Ruth M. Kempson: The  perlocutionary act is  the consequent effect on the hearer which the speaker intends should follow from his utterance. Kempson offers this summary of the three interrelated speech acts originally presented by John L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words published in 1962: A speaker utters sentences with a particular meaning (locutionary act), and with a particular force (illocutionary act), in order to achieve a certain effect on the hearer (perlocutionary act). Examples and Observations A. P. Martinich, in his book, Communication and Reference, defines a perlocutionary act as follows: Intuitively, a perlocutionary act is an act performed by saying something, and not in saying something. Persuading, angering, inciting, comforting and inspiring are often perlocutionary acts; but they would never begin an answer to the question What did he say? Perlocutionary acts, in contrast with locutionary and illocutionary acts, which are governed by conventions, are not conventional but natural acts (Austin [1955], p. 121). Persuading, angering, inciting, etc. cause physiological changes in the audience, either in their states or behavior; conventional acts do not. An Example of a Perlocutionary Effect Nicholas Allott gives this view of a perlocutionary act in his book, Key Terms in Pragmatics: Consider a negotiation with a hostage-taker under siege. The police negotiator says: If you release the children, well allow the press to publish your demands. In making that utterance she has offered a deal (illocutionary act).  Suppose the  hostage-taker accepts the deal  and as a consequence releases the children. In that case, we can say that by making the utterance, the negotiator brought about the release of the children, or in more technical terms, that this was a perlocutionary effect of the utterance. Shouting Fire In her book, Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate, Katharine Gelber explains the effect of shouting fire in a crowded venue: In the perlocutionary instance, an act is performed by saying something. For example, if someone shouts fire and by that act causes people to exit a building which they believe to be on fire, they have performed the perlocutionary act of convincing other people to exit the building....In another example, if a jury foreperson declares guilty in a courtroom in which an accused person sits, the illocutionary act of declaring a person guilty of a crime has been undertaken. The perlocutionary act related to that illocution is that, in reasonable circumstances, the accused person would be convinced that they were to be led from the courtroom into a jail cell. Perlocutionary acts are acts intrinsically related to the illocutionary act which precedes them, but discrete and able to be differentiated from the illocutionary act. The Accordion Effect Marina Sbisà  , in an essay titled, Locution, Illocution, Perlocution, notes why perlocution can have a surprising effect: Perlocution has no upper border: any consequential effect of a speech act may be considered as perlocutionary. If breaking news surprises you so that you trip and fall, my announcement has not only been believed true by you (which is already a perlocutionary effect) and thus surprised you, but has also made you trip. fall, and (say) injure your ankle. This aspect of the so-called accordion effect concerning actions and speech actions in particular (see Austin 1975: 110-115; Feinberg 1964) meets general consent, apart from those speech-act theorists who prefer to limit the notion of perlocutionary effect to intended perlocutionary effects.... Sources Allott, Nicholas. Key Terms in Pragmatics. Continuum, 2011.Gelber, Katharine. Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate. John Benjamins, 2002.Martinich, A. P.  Communication and Reference. Walter de Gruyter, 1984.Sbisà  , Marina. Locution, Illocution, Perlocution in Pragmatics of Speech Actions, ed. by  Marina Sbisà   and Ken Turner. Walter de Gruyter, 2013.